Treatment

Diabetes does not have a cure, but it is manageable. With the proper treatment plan, you can reduce the complications related to diabetes. Common treatments for diabetes include insulin injections, oral medications, diet and exercise. Work closely with your healthcare team to create the best treatment plan for you.
Over time, high blood glucose levels may also cause other health problems. Diabetes has been linked to:1
- Heart disease
- Heart attacks
- Strokes
- Kidney disease
- Nerve damage
- Digestive problems
- Eye disease
- Tooth and gum problems
You can help prevent other health problems by keeping your blood glucose levels on target through regular monitoring.2
Choosing food wisely and staying physically active are the first steps. If you can’t reach your target blood glucose levels with diet and physical activity, your healthcare professional may prescribe specific medication to assist in controlling your diabetes. The medication type will depend on your type of diabetes, your schedule and your other health conditions.
Insulin Treatment
Insulin is a natural hormone made in your pancreas. Insulin is responsible for moving sugar (blood glucose) from your bloodstream into your cells. If your body cannot generate its own insulin, it will be necessary to take insulin in order to maintain healthy blood glucose levels. In these cases, insulin must be placed into the bloodstream. Insulin can be injected by a syringe or a pen, or through an insulin pump. Insulin cannot be taken in tablet form because the acids in the stomach break it down.
There are a variety of insulin types, brands and sources. Healthcare professionals often prescribe 2 types of insulin: mealtime insulin and background insulin. Mealtime insulin (bolus) is used to control after-meal blood glucose. Background insulin (basal) is used to meet your needs throughout the day and night.
Insulin Characteristics
By observing how the insulin you use affects your blood glucose levels, you may gain a better understanding of your therapy. Each type of insulin has 3 characteristics :1
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Start, or onset—how long it usually takes for insulin to start working.
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Peak—the time when the insulin is working hardest.
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Duration—how long the insulin usually stays in your body.
Make a point of knowing the characteristics of the insulin(s) you use and understand how they affect your blood glucose levels.
Insulin Delivery Methods
Because people with type 1 diabetes do not produce their own insulin, they need to supply their bodies with insulin from an outside source. There are currently 3 main insulin delivery methods:
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Injections are the most common way people with diabetes deliver insulin to their bodies. It involves drawing insulin from a vial into a syringe and injecting it into the subcutaneous tissue of the body.
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Insulin pens offer a different method of injection. They look like writing pens and are prefilled with insulin. The person dials a dose of insulin from a cartridge in the pen.
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The insulin pump is attached to the body at all times, delivering insulin to the body 24 hours a day. However the pump can be temporarily taken off for showers, swimming etc.
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