Managing Diabetes Complications

As you may already know, controlling your blood glucose is important for avoiding hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia—blood glucose lows and highs.
By keeping your blood glucose level in your target range, you may delay or prevent long-term complications. High blood glucose levels can damage many parts of your body, including your eyes, heart and toes. The good news is that you, along with your healthcare professional, may be able to lessen the impact of diabetes complications on your life.
This section list some of the more common diabetes-related complications, their symptoms and treatments, and some steps your healthcare professional may recommend to help reduce your risk.
Heart Disease

Diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. Heart or blood-vessel disease accounts for about 75% of all deaths for people with diabetes.1
High blood glucose levels can damage blood vessels, leading to cardiovascular complications, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and hardening of the arteries. In addition to risk factors you cannot control—such as heredity, age and gender—you can be at greater risk of heart problems from the following:1
- High levels of blood fats, such as cholesterol and triglycerides
- High blood pressure
- Lack of physical activity
- Being overweight
- Stress
- Too much alcohol
- Smoking
Heart Disease Symptoms
Any one of the following symptoms could be a sign of heart disease, stroke or other heart problems. If you experience any of these symptoms, talk to your healthcare professional:
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Dizzy spells
- Jaw, back, arm, neck or stomach pain
- Slow-healing cuts and sores
- Numbness or weakness on one side of the body
- Leg pain, which may go away with rest
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating or light-headedness
Reducing the Risks of Heart Disease
One of the most important things to do to reduce the risk of heart disease is to meet with your doctor and/or credentialed Diabetes Educator to discuss your individual risk factors and how to reduce them. In general terms you can reduce the risk by:
- Managing blood glucose levels in the range recommended by your healthcare professional
- Keeping your blood pressure within a healthy range
- Control cholesterol and triglycerides through a healthy meal plan
- Stop smoking
- Get physical activity every day
- Lose weight, if you are above a recommended range
- Talk to your healthcare professional about any concerns
If lifestyle changes are not enough, your healthcare team may recommend medication or surgery. The most common form of treatment is aspirin therapy, which helps reduce your risk of blood clots. Other options include:
- Beta-blockers to decrease heart rate and blood pressure
- ACE inhibitors to enlarge blood vessels
- Statins to help reduce cholesterol levels
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